Tam sim no, muaj 8 lub hauv paus ntsiab lus rau kev paub qhov txawv ntawm ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg textile additives.
1. Siab biodegradability
Lub biodegradability ntawm textile additives hais txog cov khoom ntawm textile additives raug oxidized thiab decomposed los ntawm cov kab mob nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob los tsim carbon dioxide, dej, thiab inorganic ntsiab, ua rau lawv harmless tshuaj. Lub biodegradability ntawm surfactants raws li textile additives feem ntau ua raws li cov qauv hauv qab no:
a. Anionic surfactants
The degree of biodegradability is roughly as follows: linear fatty soaps>higher fatty alcohol sulfates>linear ether sulfates (AES)>linear alkane and alkene sulfonates (SAS, AOS)>linear linear linear alkane sulfonates (LAS)>branched higher alkane sulfates>branched ether sulfates>Ceg alkane benzene sulfonates (ABS).
Obviously, anionic surfactants nrog branched chains muaj tsis zoo biodegradability, xws li detergents ua los ntawm sodium tetrapolyacrylalkylbenzenesulfonate, uas tsis yog yooj yim biodegradable vim lawv ntau ceg chains.
b. Tsis yog ionic surfactants
Nws biodegradability muaj feem xyuam rau qhov ntev ntawm polyoxyethylene saw (EO) n, uas yog ntev dua thiab nyuaj rau degrade. Piv txwv li, biodegradation tus nqi ntawm alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether nrog n=10 yog qis dua li tus neeg nkag mus rau JFC (n=5) thiab emulsifier MOA (n=3-4).
c. Cationic surfactant
Vim nws cov toxicity siab, nws feem ntau tua cov kab mob lom thiab cuam tshuam biodegradation.
2. Tsawg toxicity
Cov tshuaj toxicity ntawm textile additives muaj xws li mob toxicity, ntses toxicity, thiab kab mob thiab algal toxicity. Mob toxicity yog qhia raws li ib nrab neeg tuag koob tshuaj (LD50) ntawm ib tug tsiaj uas tuag los ntawm mob heev lom tom qab ib tug qhov ncauj, txhaj tshuaj, los yog daim tawv nqaij daim ntawv thov ntawm ib tug adjuvant, qhia nyob rau hauv grams ib kilogram. LD50 ntawm anionic surfactants xws li ncaj saw alkane (C12-14) sulfonate sodium, alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear ether sulfate, thiab phosphate uas muaj alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether yog tag nrho nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 1.{{18 }} ~ 2.0 g / kg, thaum lub LD50 ntawm nonionic surfactants xws li dodecanol polyoxyethylene (7) ether, octadecanol polyoxyethylene (10) ether, octadecanol polyoxyethylene (20) ether, thiab nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ({11}) nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm 1.5 ~ 4.1 g / kg, tag nrho cov uas muaj zog mob toxicity. LD50 ntawm cationic surfactants xws li hexadecyltrimethylammonium oxide thiab hexadecylpyridine chloride yog tag nrho ntawm 1.0 g / kg. Hauv qab g, nws muaj zog mob toxicity. Cov tshuaj toxicity ntawm textile additives rau cov kab mob hauv dej thiab algae yog sawv cev los ntawm ECO50, uas yog hais txog qib uas textile additives inhibit qhov txav ntawm cov kab mob hauv dej thiab algae hauv 24 teev. ECO50 ntawm feem ntau anionic thiab non-ionic surfactants yog li ntawm 1 txog 100 mg / L. Yog tias ECO50 qis dua 1 mg / L, nws qhia tau tias cov khoom siv textile muaj zog toxicity rau cov kab mob hauv dej thiab cov algae.
3. Tsawg lossis tsis muaj formaldehyde
Cov kev cai rau tus nqi ntawm cov dawb thiab ib nrab hydrolyzable formaldehyde nyob rau hauv textile additives yog tib yam li cov dyes, uas yog, kom ntseeg tau tias tus nqi ntawm dawb thiab ib nrab hydrolyzable formaldehyde ntawm cov ntaub tsis ntau tshaj 30 mg / kg rau textiles ncaj qha. tiv tauj nrog daim tawv nqaij, thiab 300 mg / kg rau tag nrho lwm yam textiles.
4. Tsis tuaj yeem muaj cov tshuaj hormones ib puag ncig
Tam sim no, feem ntau ntawm 70 txwv ib puag ncig cov tshuaj hormones lees paub hauv lub ntiaj teb kev ua lag luam yog cuam tshuam nrog kev lag luam textile additives. Cov tshuaj hormones tseem ceeb xws li polychlorinated dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated biphenyls, alkylphenols, p-nitrotoluene, pentachlorophenol, ortho (para) phenylphenol, thiab lwm yam.
5. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau hnyav hnyav tuaj yeem tsis tuaj yeem tshaj qhov kev txwv. Cov teebmeem tshuaj lom ntawm cov hlau hnyav rau tib neeg thiab cov kab mob hauv dej tau nce ntxiv thiab muaj nuj nqis. Cov European Union tau teev tseg tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau hnyav hnyav hauv textile auxiliaries yog tib yam li tus nqi txwv hauv dyes, thiab lawv tsis suav nrog cov hlau hnyav ua cov khoom ntawm cov qauv molecular ntawm cov koom haum pab.
6. Tsis muaj lossis yuav tsis decompose nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob (piv txwv li tej yam kev txo qis) los tsim 24 carcinogenic aromatic amines. Lub toxicity thiab lub npe ntawm cov carcinogenic aromatic amines yog tib yam li cov txwv tsis pub nyob rau hauv dyes.
7. Tsis muaj adsorbeable organic halides
Cov adsorbed organic halides xa mus rau ntawm no suav nrog cov khoom hauv qab no:
a. Halogenated organic carriers (dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene, pentachlorobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, chlorotoluene, dichlorotoluene, trichlorotoluene, thiab lwm yam)
b. Chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents (1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethylene, trichloroethylene, 1,3-dichloropropylene, thiab lwm yam.)
c. Halogenated finishing agents (halogenated nplaim retardants xws li phosphoric acid [tri (2,3-dibromopropyl)] ester (TDPBB), decabromodiphenyl ether (ZR-10) nplaim retardant, anti shrink finishing agents xws li ntaub plaub los tiv thaiv shrink finishing agents, anti moth agents xws li Mitin FF, anti moth agents N, halogenated insecticides xws li dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), preservatives xws li pentachlorophenol, halogenated fungicides xws li 5,5 '- dichloro-2, 2' - dihydroxydiphenylmethane (ZR-10), thiab lwm yam)
d. Halogen muaj cov tshuaj ua ntej kev kho mob (chlorine muaj cov tshuaj bleaching xws li hypochlorite, refining agents xws li chlorofluoroalkene cov kuab tshuaj, thiab lwm yam)
8. Dawb los ntawm lwm yam tshuaj phem
Lwm yam tshuaj phem xws li phosphates, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, volatile organic compounds, txwv tshuaj tua kab, thiab lwm yam.